Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Rectified activity-dependent population plasticity implicates cortical adaptation for memory and cognitive functions

doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-07186-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Illustration of the rectified activity-dependent population plasticity (RAPP) and the empirical parameters describe it (Amp & s.d.). S, population response state; Amp., amplitude, the mean response of the subgroup; s.d., standard deviation of the subgroup. B , C Simulation of population dynamics in neocortex. A Gaussian-distributed pattern was seeded in the first step. Activity changes from one step to the next were determined by the empirical parameters. ( B ) Pattern decay. Rows indicate the same neuron; columns indicate sequential steps. The left activity map was plotted by the deviation of each neuron (smallest deviation at top); the right activity map was sorted according to the signal intensity in the first step. Representative patterns in steps were enlarged in separated columns. Scatter plots show the decay of patterns by loss of correlation over increasing time steps. C Dynamics of individual neurons in adaptation. The right activity map was sorted according to the position of the peak activity step for each neuron. Small panels show the enlarged sector indicated as the gray and black bars. D – F Dynamics of cortical memory traces. D Mice were subjected to several trials of contextual fear conditioning training or memory recall over one month. Representative images of EGR1-EGFP signal in recent and early recall trials in visual cortex. Red, EGFP signal in homecage trial of day 0; Green, EGFP signal in context A recall trials. Arrowheads indicate the trace neuron of day 4 and arrows indicate the trace neurons of day 17. Scale bar, 40 μm. E , F Simulated activities of individual neurons (for details see “Methods” section) ( E ) and recorded memory trace responses over 30 days ( F ). Neurons counted as traces are the most active neurons on the referenced day (Δ F over 3x of standard deviation). In the simulation ( E ), neurons counted as traces are the most active neurons on the referenced cycle (Δ F over 3 x of standard deviation, on 20th, 40th, and 140th round of updating). Simulated activities in those three cell populations are shown. Early phase, day 2–4 traces vs. later phase, day 7–28 traces: n > 80 memory trace neurons from 6 mice for each group; *** p < 0.001, two-way ANOVA. Error bars, s.e.m.

Article Snippet: Training consisted of a 3 min exposure of animals to the conditioning box (Multi-conditioning system, TSE system) followed by a foot shock (2 sec, 0.8 mA, constant current).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Rectified activity-dependent population plasticity implicates cortical adaptation for memory and cognitive functions

doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-07186-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , B Simulation of the pattern similarity decay using the empirical parameters of the population plasticity. A Gaussian-distributed activity pattern was used as the initial seed. The pattern in the third cycle was treated as the initial representation. α, is the slope parameter. C Representative example of pattern similarity decay after repeated CtxA exposure in VIS cortex of mice. The mouse explored the box A for 3 min each day. Data was fitted with an exponential curve (red). D Freezing in box A after contextual fear conditioning in hippocampus-lesion group ( n = 5 mice) and normal group ( n = 9 mice), Two-way ANOVA test, group p < 0.0001. E Representative example of population activity pattern decay in the VISam of normal mice (Blue) and HC-lesion mice (Red). F Quantifications of the half-life for the pattern decay in each recorded areas of normal mice (Control) and HC-lesion mice. Context only group, n = 6 mice; contextual fear group, normal, n = 9 mice; HC-lesion, n = 5 mice. Multiple cortices were recorded from one mouse. The roof of half-life was set to 40 days. Error bars, s.e.m.

Article Snippet: Training consisted of a 3 min exposure of animals to the conditioning box (Multi-conditioning system, TSE system) followed by a foot shock (2 sec, 0.8 mA, constant current).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering

Article Title: Monte Carlo (MC) study of dose distribution and Cherenkov imaging in total skin electron therapy (TSET) with TOPAS

doi: 10.1117/12.2583397

Figure Lengend Snippet: Left figure: PVC board in the TSE Box with diode detectors on the PVC surface. Right figure: TSE Box in the treatment location. The center of TSE Box is 400 cm from the isocenter of Varian Truebeam head. The Cherenkov camera is shown in the photo, but it is actually mounted on the wall behind the beam head, with the same height of isocenter.

Article Snippet: The center of TSE Box is 400 cm from the isocenter of Varian Truebeam head.

Techniques:

Journal: AJNR: American Journal of Neuroradiology

Article Title: The Utility of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Cholesteatoma Evaluation

doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2129

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of different DWI techniques. A, EPI DWI acquired in a patient undergoing evaluation for possible demyelinating disease. Abnormal DWI signal intensity in the right temporal bone (arrow) prompted further evaluation for cholesteatoma. The abnormal DWI signal intensity is clearly visible due to the large size of the lesion, but there are artifacts from the skull base. B, SS TSE (HASTE) DWI sequences obtained in a patient with obscured visual examination due to postoperative changes. Increased diffusion signal intensity is seen in the right middle ear and mastoid defect (arrow), with cholesteatoma confirmed at surgery. C, Multishot TSE DWI (BLADE) image in a patient with otoscopic examination obscured by cartilaginous reconstruction shows increased DWI signal intensity (arrow) in the left epitympanum, with cholesteatoma confirmed at surgery. D, The multishot TSE DWI has the additional advantage of generating images in a coronal plane, which can be especially useful when erosion of the tegmen tympani and/or intracranial extension is suspected. Arrow indicates increased DWI in the left epitympanum. Fig. 1B was reproduced with permission from Ear, Nose & Throat Journal (Schwartz KM, Lane JI, Neff BA, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging for cholesteatoma evaluation. 2010;89:E14-19).32

Article Snippet: When applying DWI to the evaluation of cholesteatoma, investigators have used a variety of techniques ranging from traditional spin-echo EPI-based to TSE-based techniques such as HASTE and BLADE (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Imaging

Journal: European Radiology Experimental

Article Title: Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study

doi: 10.1186/s41747-024-00517-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: T1 value (obtained with the MP2RAGE measurements) as a function of signal intensity in T1-weighted TSE image for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ). The red curve represents a power regression, and dotted red curves represent the 95% confidence interval. Vertical and horizontal error bars correspond to standard deviations on the T1 values and signal intensity values measured in regions of interest in the tubes. MP2RAGE, Magnetization prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient-echoes; TSE, Turbo spin-echo

Article Snippet: TSE, Turbo spin-echo Fig. 4 TSE-derived T1 values versus reference T1 values obtained from MP2RAGE acquisitions for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ).

Techniques:

Journal: European Radiology Experimental

Article Title: Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study

doi: 10.1186/s41747-024-00517-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: a TSE image corresponding to the phantom central plate. b Corresponding T1 map derived from the TSE acquisition. TSE, Turbo spin-echo

Article Snippet: TSE, Turbo spin-echo Fig. 4 TSE-derived T1 values versus reference T1 values obtained from MP2RAGE acquisitions for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: European Radiology Experimental

Article Title: Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study

doi: 10.1186/s41747-024-00517-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSE-derived T1 values versus reference T1 values obtained from MP2RAGE acquisitions for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ). The red curve represents a linear regression. Vertical and horizontal error bars correspond to standard deviations on the T1 values measured in regions of interest in the tubes. MP2RAGE, Magnetization prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient-echoes; TSE, Turbo spin-echo

Article Snippet: TSE, Turbo spin-echo Fig. 4 TSE-derived T1 values versus reference T1 values obtained from MP2RAGE acquisitions for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: European Radiology Experimental

Article Title: Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study

doi: 10.1186/s41747-024-00517-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSE-derived T1 values as a function of distance to the center of the phantom for CuSO 4 tubes. Vertical error bars correspond to standard deviations on the T1 values. TSE, Turbo spin-echo

Article Snippet: TSE, Turbo spin-echo Fig. 4 TSE-derived T1 values versus reference T1 values obtained from MP2RAGE acquisitions for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: European Radiology Experimental

Article Title: Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study

doi: 10.1186/s41747-024-00517-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Three-dimensional T1-weighted TSE image acquired from healthy volunteer #1. b The T1 map derived from the TSE image. c a MP2RAGE T1 map obtained at the same position. MP2RAGE, Magnetization prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient-echoes; TSE, Turbo spin-echo

Article Snippet: TSE, Turbo spin-echo Fig. 4 TSE-derived T1 values versus reference T1 values obtained from MP2RAGE acquisitions for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: European Radiology Experimental

Article Title: Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study

doi: 10.1186/s41747-024-00517-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean and standard deviation of T1 values for four healthy volunteers obtained from three-dimensional T1-weighted TSE acquisitions in brain regions: occipital and frontal WM, frontal GM, and CSF

Article Snippet: TSE, Turbo spin-echo Fig. 4 TSE-derived T1 values versus reference T1 values obtained from MP2RAGE acquisitions for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ).

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: European Radiology Experimental

Article Title: Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study

doi: 10.1186/s41747-024-00517-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: a 3D T1-weighted TSE image acquired from the patient with brain metastases. b Corresponding T1 map before the administration of the Gd-based nanoparticles. c 3D T1-weighted TSE image. d Corresponding T1 map derived from TSE images 1 h after the administration of the gadolinium-based nanoparticles. a – d Pink arrows are pointing at the two brain metastases. e Gd 3+ concentration map derived from the pre- and post-injection T1 maps. f 3D whole-brain visualization of Gd 3+ concentrations into metastases obtained using 3D TSE T1-weighted acquisitions in the patient. 3D, Three-dimensional; TSE, Turbo spin-echo

Article Snippet: TSE, Turbo spin-echo Fig. 4 TSE-derived T1 values versus reference T1 values obtained from MP2RAGE acquisitions for NiCl 2 (black circles) and MnCl 2 (white circles) tubes from the phantom obtained on the Canon scanner ( a ) and the Philips scanner ( b ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay, Injection

Journal: Veterinary Surgery

Article Title: Preliminary evaluation of an osteochondral autograft, a prosthetic implant, and a biphasic absorbable implant for osteochondral reconstruction in a sheep model

doi: 10.1111/vsu.13373

Figure Lengend Snippet: MRI views in T2 TSE (A‐C) and T1 TSE (D) sequences. A, The prosthetic SynACART implant (←) is visible in all contrasts associated with significant edema in the epiphysis trabecular bone (*). B, Receiver site filled with the osteochondral autograft (←) with a slight subsidence of the transplant and some cavities in the transplant subchondral bone. C,D, The corresponding donor site filled with the biphasic construct (*) is visible in T2 TSE (C) and T1 TSE (D) weighted images. The two images allow the assessment of the congruity of the newly formed cartilage surface deemed satisfactory (→). Remaining calcium phosphate granules are still visible

Article Snippet: T1 3D Vibe, T1 TSE, and T2 TSE sequences (Magnetom Essenza 1.5T; Siemens, Munich, Germany) were used for MRI examination.

Techniques: Construct